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General pathology and immunology

Vaccines, immune memory, and contraindication logic

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SAMPLE QUESTION

Two groups of healthy adults receive the same non-live protein vaccine. One group completed a primary series several years earlier; the other has never encountered this antigen. Immediately before vaccination, both groups have similarly low serum antibody concentrations. Seven days later, the previously vaccinated group has substantially more antigen-specific antibody-secreting cells and a larger IgG rise. Responses to an unrelated control antigen do not differ.

Which pre-existing difference most directly accounts for the result?