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General pathology and immunology

Reversible injury, irreversible injury, and necrosis

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SAMPLE QUESTION

Renal tubular cells exposed to a brief reduction in oxygen delivery have decreased ATP, increased intracellular sodium, distended endoplasmic reticulum, and small surface blebs. A membrane-impermeant dye remains outside the cells. After oxygen delivery is restored, cell volume and ion concentrations return to baseline.

Which process most directly accounts for the initial increase in cell volume?